4 ประเภทหลักของ Network Security (4 Types of Network Security Controls)
แม้จะมีเทคโนโลยีเยอะแยะ แต่สามารถจัดกลุ่มเป็น 4 หมวดหลัก (Layers) ตามแนวคิด Defense in Depth
1. Perimeter Security (เส้นรั้วภายนอก)
- Next-Gen Firewall (NGFW): App-ID, User-ID, IPS, AV, SSL Decrypt, Sandbox
- DDoS Protection: Volumetric, Protocol, App-layer (Cloudflare, AWS Shield, Arbor)
- WAF (Web App Firewall): OWASP Top 10, API Protection, Bot Management
- Email Security Gateway: Anti-Spam, Anti-Phishing, Sandbox, DMARC/DKIM/SPF
- DNS Security: RPZ, DNS over HTTPS/TLS, Threat Intelligence Feeds
2. Network Access Control & Segmentation (ควบคุมการเข้าถึงและแบ่งโซน)
- NAC (Network Access Control): 802.1X, MAB, Posture Assessment, Guest/Onboarding
- Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA): Identity-based, App-level, Continuous Verify
- Network Segmentation: VLAN, VRF, Micro-segmentation (VMware NSX, Cisco ACI, Illumio)
- VPN / SD-WAN Security: IPsec, SSL VPN, WireGuard, SASE Integration
- DNS/DHCP Security: DNSSEC, DANE, DHCP Snooping, DAI, IP Source Guard
3. Network Monitoring & Threat Detection (การเฝ้าระวังและตรวจจับ)
- SIEM / Log Management: Splunk, Elastic, QRadar, Sentinel, Correlation Rules
- NDR (Network Detection & Response): ExtraHop, Vectra, Corelight, Darktrace (ML-based)
- NetFlow/IPFIX Analysis: Traffic Baselining, Anomaly Detection, C2 Beaconing
- Threat Intelligence Integration: STIX/TAXII, MISP, Commercial Feeds (CrowdStrike, Mandiant)
- Deception Technology: Honeypots, Honeytokens, Canary Tokens, Breadcrumbs
4. Data Protection & Encryption (การปกป้องข้อมูลและการเข้ารหัส)
- Encryption in Transit: TLS 1.3, IPsec (Site-to-Site), MACsec (L2), WireGuard
- Encryption at Rest: Database/Storage Encryption, Key Management (HSM, KMS)
- DLP (Data Loss Prevention): Network DLP, Endpoint DLP, Cloud DLP, Regex/Dictionary/ML
- Certificate Management (PKI): mTLS, Certificate Lifecycle Automation (ACME, cert-manager)
- Email/Data Classification: Sensitivity Labels, Rights Management (AIP, Virtru)
🔄 การทำงานร่วมกัน (Integration - The Modern Approach)
Traffic Flow:
Internet → [DDoS Protection] → [NGFW: App-ID, IPS, SSL Decrypt]
→ [ZTNA/VPN Gateway] → [Segmentation: DMZ / App / DB / Mgmt / OT]
→ [NDR + NetFlow] → [SIEM Correlation] → [SOAR Auto-Response]
→ [DLP / Encryption] → Data Store / Cloud / SaaS
Unified Policy: Single Pane of Glass (Panorama, FortiManager, Strata, Prisma)
Zero Trust: Never Trust, Always Verify, Least Privilege, Assume Breach
📋 5 ประเภทความปลอดภัย (5 Types of Security - NIST/Industry View)
- Critical Infrastructure Security: OT/ICS, SCADA, Energy, Transport, Water
- Network Security: (This Article) - Perimeter, Access, Monitoring, Data Protection
- Cloud Security: CSPM, CWPP, CIEM, CASB, Serverless/Container Security
- IoT/OT Security: Device Auth, Firmware, Network Segmentation, Behavioral
- Application Security: SAST/DAST/IAST/SCA, DevSecOps, API Security, WAF
❓ คำถามพบบ่อย
- Network Security vs Cybersecurity ต่างกันไหม?
- Network Security = Subset of Cybersecurity เน้น Infrastructure/Traffic | Cybersecurity = Broader (App, Data, Endpoint, Human, Cloud, Governance)
- ต้องมีทั้ง 4 ประเภทไหม?
- แนะนำให้ครบ (Defense in Depth) แต่ Prioritize ตาม Risk Profile: Internet-facing → Perimeter + Monitoring ก่อน
- NGFW แทนที่ Firewall เก่าได้หมดไหม?
- ได้ แต่ต้อง Enable Features (App-ID, SSL Decrypt, IPS) และ Tuning ให้เหมาะสม