ในการหาจุดเชื่อมต่อของกราฟ เราจำเป็นต้องหาจุดเชื่อมต่อของกราฟนั้น จุดประกบ (หรือจุดยอดจุดตัด) ในกราฟคือจุดที่เอาออก (และตัดขอบผ่านจุดยอด) ทำให้กราฟตัดการเชื่อมต่อ จุดประกบสำหรับกราฟที่ไม่ได้กำหนดทิศทางคือจุดยอดซึ่งเพิ่มจำนวนองค์ประกอบที่เชื่อมต่อ
อัลกอริทึม
Begin We use dfs here to find articulation point: In DFS, a vertex w is articulation point if one of the following two conditions is satisfied. 1) w is root of DFS tree and it has at least two children. 2) w is not root of DFS tree and it has a child x such that no vertex in subtree rooted with w has a back edge to one of the ancestors of w in the tree. End
ตัวอย่าง
#include<iostream> #include <list> #define N -1 using namespace std; class G { int n; list<int> *adj; //declaration of functions void APT(int v, bool visited[], int dis[], int low[], int par[], bool ap[]); public: G(int n); //constructor void addEd(int w, int x); void AP(); }; G::G(int n) { this->n = n; adj = new list<int>[n]; } //add edges to the graph void G::addEd(int w, int x) { adj[x].push_back(w); //add u to v's list adj[w].push_back(x); //add v to u's list } void G::APT(int w, bool visited[], int dis[], int low[], int par[], bool ap[]) { static int t=0; int child = 0; //initialize child count of dfs tree is 0. //mark current node as visited visited[w] = true; dis[w] = low[w] = ++t; list<int>::iterator i; //Go through all adjacent vertices for (i = adj[w].begin(); i != adj[w].end(); ++i) { int x = *i; //x is current adjacent if (!visited[x]) { child++; par[x] = w; APT(x, visited, dis, low, par, ap); low[w] = min(low[w], low[x]); // w is an articulation point in following cases : // w is root of DFS tree and has two or more children. if (par[w] == N && child> 1) ap[w] = true; // If w is not root and low value of one of its child is more than discovery value of w. if (par[w] != N && low[x] >= dis[w]) ap[w] = true; } else if (x != par[w]) //update low value low[w] = min(low[w], dis[x]); } } void G::AP() { // Mark all the vertices as unvisited bool *visited = new bool[n]; int *dis = new int[n]; int *low = new int[n]; int *par = new int[n]; bool *ap = new bool[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { par[i] = N; visited[i] = false; ap[i] = false; } // Call the APT() function to find articulation points in DFS tree rooted with vertex 'i' for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (visited[i] == false) APT(i, visited, dis, low, par, ap); //print the articulation points for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (ap[i] == true) cout << i << " "; } int main() { cout << "\nArticulation points in first graph \n"; G g1(5); g1.addEd(1, 2); g1.addEd(3, 1); g1.addEd(0, 2); g1.addEd(2, 3); g1.addEd(0, 4); g1.AP(); return 0; }
ผลลัพธ์
Articulation points in first graph 0 2