ในโครงสร้างข้อมูล รายการที่เชื่อมโยง คือการรวบรวมองค์ประกอบข้อมูลเชิงเส้น องค์ประกอบหรือโหนดแต่ละรายการของรายการประกอบด้วยสองรายการ - ข้อมูลและการอ้างอิงไปยังโหนดถัดไป โหนดสุดท้ายมีการอ้างอิงถึงค่า null ในรายการที่เชื่อมโยง จุดเริ่มต้นเรียกว่าส่วนหัวของรายการ
ในรายการที่เชื่อมโยงแบบทวีคูณสององค์ประกอบที่ต่อเนื่องกันจะเชื่อมโยงหรือเชื่อมต่อโดยตัวชี้ก่อนหน้าและถัดไป และโหนดสุดท้ายชี้ไปที่โหนดแรกโดยตัวชี้ถัดไป และโหนดแรกยังชี้ไปที่โหนดสุดท้ายโดยตัวชี้ก่อนหน้าด้วย
ในรายการที่เชื่อมโยงเป็นสองเท่าแบบเรียงลำดับแบบวงกลม ค่าข้อมูลทั้งหมดในฟิลด์ข้อมูลโหนดจะยังคงถูกจัดเรียง สิ่งนี้จะได้รับการดูแลในขณะที่แทรกโหนดใหม่ในรายการที่เชื่อมโยงดังกล่าว
อัลกอริทึม
Begin Create a class circulardoublylist within which we have following functions: nod *create_node(int) = To memory allocated for node dynamically. insert_begin() = To Insert elements at beginning of the list. If the list is empty, then insert the node and set next and previous pointer as NULL. If the list is not empty, insert the data and set next and previous pointer and update them. insert_end() = To Insert elements at end of the list. If the list is empty create a node as circular doubly list. Find last node. Create node dynamically. Start going to be the next of new node. Make new node as previous node. Make last previous of new node Make new node next of old last insert_pos() = To insert elements at a specified position of the list. insert the data. Enter the position at which element to be inserted. If the list is empty insert node at first. If list is not empty find node having position and next node. Insert the node between them. delete_pos() = To delete elements from specified position of the list. if list is empty then return. Enter the position from which node need to be deleted. If list has one node delete it and update next and prev pointers. If list has more than one node node then delete the node at particular position and update next and prev pointer. sort() = To sort elements in the list. if the list is empty return. Sort the elements in the list. display() = To display the list. reverse() = To reverse the list. End
โค้ดตัวอย่าง
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
struct nod {
int info;
struct nod *n;
struct nod *p;
}*start, *last;
int count = 0;
class circulardoublylist {
public:
nod *create_node(int);
void insert_begin();
void insert_end();
void insert_pos();
void delete_pos();
void sort();
void display();
void reverse();
circulardoublylist() {
start = NULL;
last = NULL;
}
};
int main() {
int c;
circulardoublylist cdl;
while (1) {
cout<<"1.Insert at Beginning"<<endl;
cout<<"2.Insert at End"<<endl;
cout<<"3.Insert at Position"<<endl;
cout<<"4.Delete at Position"<<endl;
cout<<"5.sort the list"<<endl;
cout<<"6.Display List"<<endl;
cout<<"7.Reverse List"<<endl;
cout<<"8.Exit"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter your choice : ";
cin>>c;
switch(c) {
case 1:
cdl.insert_begin();
break;
case 2:
cdl.insert_end();
break;
case 3:
cdl.insert_pos();
break;
case 4:
cdl.delete_pos();
break;
case 5:
cdl.sort();
break;
case 6:
cdl.display();
break;
case 7:
cdl.reverse();
break;
case 8:
exit(1);
default:
cout<<"Wrong choice"<<endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
nod* circulardoublylist::create_node(int v) {
count++;
struct nod *t;
t = new(struct nod);
t->info = v;
t->n = NULL;
t->p = NULL;
return t;
}
void circulardoublylist::insert_begin() {
int v;
cout<<endl<<"Enter the element to be inserted: ";
cin>>v;
struct nod *t;
t = create_node(v);
if (start == last && start == NULL) {
cout<<"Element inserted in empty list"<<endl;
start = last = t;
start->n = last->n = NULL;
start->p = last->p = NULL;
} else {
t->n = start;
start->p = t;
start = t;
start->p = last;
last->n = start;
cout<<"Element inserted"<<endl;
}
}
void circulardoublylist::insert_end() {
int v;
cout<<endl<<"Enter the element to be inserted: ";
cin>>v;
struct nod *t;
t = create_node(v);
if (start == last && start == NULL) {
cout<<"Element inserted in empty list"<<endl;
start = last = t;
start->n= last->n = NULL;
start->p = last->p= NULL;
} else {
last->n= t;
t->p= last;
last = t;
start->p = last;
last->n= start;
}
}
void circulardoublylist::insert_pos() {
int v, pos, i;
cout<<endl<<"Enter the element to be inserted: ";
cin>>v;
cout<<endl<<"Enter the position of element inserted: ";
cin>>pos;
struct nod *t, *s, *ptr;
t = create_node(v);
if (start == last && start == NULL) {
if (pos == 1) {
start = last = t;
start->n = last->n = NULL;
start->p = last->p = NULL;
} else {
cout<<"Position out of range"<<endl;
count--;
return;
}
} else {
if (count < pos) {
cout<<"Position out of range"<<endl;
count--;
return;
}
s = start;
for (i = 1;i <= count;i++) {
ptr = s;
s = s->n;
if (i == pos - 1) {
ptr->n = t;
t->p= ptr;
t->n= s;
s->p = t;
cout<<"Element inserted"<<endl;
break;
}
}
}
}
void circulardoublylist::delete_pos() {
int pos, i;
nod *ptr, *s;
if (start == last && start == NULL) {
cout<<"List is empty, nothing to delete"<<endl;
return;
}
cout<<endl<<"Enter the position of element to be deleted: ";
cin>>pos;
if (count < pos) {
cout<<"Position out of range"<<endl;
return;
}
s = start;
if(pos == 1) {
count--;
last->n = s->n;
s->n->p = last;
start = s->n;
free(s);
cout<<"Element Deleted"<<endl;
return;
}
for (i = 0;i < pos - 1;i++ ) {
s = s->n;
ptr = s->p;
}
ptr->n = s->n;
s->n->p = ptr;
if (pos == count) {
last = ptr;
}
count--;
free(s);
cout<<"Element Deleted"<<endl;
}
void circulardoublylist::sort() {
struct nod *t, *s;
int v, i;
if (start == last && start == NULL) {
cout<<"The List is empty, nothing to sort"<<endl;
return;
}
s = start;
for (i = 0;i < count;i++) {
t= s->n;
while (t != start) {
if (s->info > t->info) {
v = s->info;
s->info = t->info;
t->info = v;
}
t = t->n;
}
s = s->n;
}
cout<<"List sorted"<<endl;
}
void circulardoublylist::display() {
int i;
struct nod *s;
if (start == last && start == NULL) {
cout<<"The List is empty, nothing to display"<<endl;
return;
}
s = start;
for (i = 0;i < count-1;i++) {
cout<<s->info<<"<->";
s = s->n;
}
cout<<s->info<<endl;
}
void circulardoublylist::reverse() {
if (start == last && start == NULL) {
cout<<"The List is empty, nothing to reverse"<<endl;
return;
}
struct nod *p1, *p2;
p1 = start;
p2 = p1->n;
p1->n = NULL;
p1->p= p2;
while (p2 != start) {
p2->p = p2->n;
p2->n = p1;
p1 = p2;
p2 = p2->p;
}
last = start;
start = p1;
cout<<"List Reversed"<<endl;
} ผลลัพธ์
1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 1 Enter the element to be inserted: 7 Element inserted in empty list 1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 1 Enter the element to be inserted: 6 Element inserted 1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 2 Enter the element to be inserted: 4 1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 2 Enter the element to be inserted: 5 1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 6 6<->7<->4<->5 1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 5 List sorted 1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 4 Enter the position of element to be deleted: 3 Element Deleted 1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 6 4<->5<->7 1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 7 List Reversed 1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 6 7<->5<->4 1.Insert at Beginning 2.Insert at End 3.Insert at Position 4.Delete at Position 5.sort the list 6.Display List 7.Reverse List 8.Exit Enter your choice : 8
