ในปัญหา Fractional knapsack จะมีการให้ชุดของไอเท็ม โดยแต่ละรายการมีน้ำหนักและค่า เราจำเป็นต้องแยกชิ้นส่วนเพื่อเพิ่มมูลค่ากระเป๋าเป้ให้มากที่สุด และสามารถทำได้ด้วยวิธีโลภ
อัลกอริทึม
Begin Take an array of structure Item Declare value, weight, knapsack weight and density Calculate density=value/weight for each item Sorting the items array on the order of decreasing density We add values from the top of the array to total value until the bag is full, i.e; total value <= W End
โค้ดตัวอย่าง
#include <iostream> #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; typedef struct { int v; int w; float d; } Item; void input(Item items[],int sizeOfItems) { cout << "Enter total "<< sizeOfItems <<" item's values and weight" << endl; for(int i = 0; i < sizeOfItems; i++) { cout << "Enter "<< i+1 << " V "; cin >> items[i].v; cout << "Enter "<< i+1 << " W "; cin >> items[i].w; } } void display(Item items[], int sizeOfItems) { int i; cout << "values: "; for(i = 0; i < sizeOfItems; i++) { cout << items[i].v << "\t"; } cout << endl << "weight: "; for (i = 0; i < sizeOfItems; i++) { cout << items[i].w << "\t"; } cout << endl; } bool compare(Item i1, Item i2) { return (i1.d > i2.d); } float knapsack(Item items[], int sizeOfItems, int W) { int i, j; float totalValue = 0, totalWeight = 0; for (i = 0; i < sizeOfItems; i++) { items[i].d = (float)items[i].v / items[i].w; //typecasting done (v is int and w is also int so we get final value of d as int) } sort(items, items+sizeOfItems, compare); /* uncomment if u need to check the data after sortingis done cout << "values : "; for(i = 0; i < sizeOfItems; i++) { cout << items[i].v << "\t"; } cout << endl << "weights: "; for (i = 0; i < sizeOfItems; i++) { cout << items[i].w << "\t"; } cout << endl << "ratio : "; for (i = 0; i < sizeOfItems; i++) { cout << items[i].d << "\t"; } cout << endl; */ for(i=0; i<sizeOfItems; i++) { if(totalWeight + items[i].w<= W) { totalValue += items[i].v ; totalWeight += items[i].w; } else { int wt = W-totalWeight; totalValue += (wt * items[i].d); totalWeight += wt; break; } } cout << "Total weight in bag " << totalWeight<<endl; return totalValue; } int main() { int W; Item items[4]; input(items, 4); cout << "Entered data \n"; display(items,4); cout<< "Enter Knapsack weight \n"; cin >> W; float mxVal = knapsack(items, 4, W); cout << "Max value for "<< W <<" weight is "<< mxVal; }
ผลลัพธ์
Enter total 4 item's values and weight Enter 1 V Enter 1 W Enter 2 V Enter 2 W Enter 3 V Enter 3 W Enter 4 V Enter 4 W Entered data values: 2 0 0 0 weight: 0 490642064 0 4196544 Enter Knapsack weight Total weight in bag 0 Max value for 0 weight is 2