home

หน้าแรก
 Computer >> บทช่วยสอนคอมพิวเตอร์ >  >> การเขียนโปรแกรม >> Android

วิธีเพิ่ม Dependency ใน Android Studio

ภาพรวม

ตัวอย่างนี้สาธิตการเพิ่ม Dependency (Library) ใน Android Studio ผ่าน build.gradle พร้อมตัวอย่างโปรเจกต์ Location Services

ขั้นตอนที่ 1: สร้างโปรเจกต์ใหม่

เปิด Android Studio ไปที่ File → New Project กรอกข้อมูลที่จำเป็น

ขั้นตอนที่ 2: จัดรูปแบบหน้าจอ (activity_main.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="https://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center_horizontal"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_start_location_updates"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="40dp"
        android:onClick="startLocationButtonClick"
        android:text="@string/start_updates" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_stop_location_updates"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:enabled="false"
        android:onClick="stopLocationButtonClick"
        android:text="@string/stop_updates" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_get_last_location"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:onClick="showLastKnownLocation"
        android:text="@string/get_last_location" />
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:text="Location updates will be received only when app is foreground" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/location_result"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:textColor="#333"
        android:textSize="18sp" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/updated_on"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
        android:textSize="12sp" />
</LinearLayout>

ขั้นตอนที่ 3: เพิ่ม Dependency ใน build.gradle (Module: app)

// Google Play Services Location
implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:17.0.0'

// Dexter Runtime Permissions
implementation 'com.karumi:dexter:4.2.0'

หมายเหตุ: ตรวจสอบเวอร์ชันล่าสุดที่ MVNRepository หรือ AndroidX Releases

ขั้นตอนที่ 4: เขียนโค้ดหลัก (MainActivity.java) - ตัวอย่าง Location Services

package app.com.sample;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.Manifest;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentSender;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.location.Location;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.google.android.gms.common.api.ApiException;
import com.google.android.gms.common.api.ResolvableApiException;
import com.google.android.gms.location.FusedLocationProviderClient;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationCallback;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationRequest;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationResult;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationSettingsRequest;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationSettingsResponse;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationSettingsStatusCodes;
import com.google.android.gms.location.SettingsClient;
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.OnCompleteListener;
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.OnFailureListener;
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.OnSuccessListener;
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.Task;
import com.karumi.dexter.Dexter;
import com.karumi.dexter.PermissionToken;
import com.karumi.dexter.listener.PermissionDeniedResponse;
import com.karumi.dexter.listener.PermissionGrantedResponse;
import com.karumi.dexter.listener.PermissionRequest;
import com.karumi.dexter.listener.single.PermissionListener;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
    TextView txtLocationResult, txtUpdatedOn;
    Button btnStartUpdates, btnStopUpdates;
    private String mLastUpdateTime;
    private static final long UPDATE_INTERVAL_IN_MILLISECONDS = 10000;
    private static final long FASTEST_UPDATE_INTERVAL_IN_MILLISECONDS = 5000;
    private static final int REQUEST_CHECK_SETTINGS = 100;
    private FusedLocationProviderClient mFusedLocationClient;
    private SettingsClient mSettingsClient;
    private LocationRequest mLocationRequest;
    private LocationSettingsRequest mLocationSettingsRequest;
    private LocationCallback mLocationCallback;
    private Location mCurrentLocation;
    private Boolean mRequestingLocationUpdates;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        init();
        restoreValuesFromBundle(savedInstanceState);
    }

    private void init() {
        txtLocationResult = findViewById(R.id.location_result);
        txtUpdatedOn = findViewById(R.id.updated_on);
        btnStartUpdates = findViewById(R.id.btn_start_location_updates);
        btnStopUpdates = findViewById(R.id.btn_stop_location_updates);
        mFusedLocationClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this);
        mSettingsClient = LocationServices.getSettingsClient(this);
        mLocationCallback = new LocationCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onLocationResult(LocationResult locationResult) {
                super.onLocationResult(locationResult);
                mCurrentLocation = locationResult.getLastLocation();
                mLastUpdateTime = DateFormat.getTimeInstance().format(new Date());
                updateLocationUI();
            }
        };
        mRequestingLocationUpdates = false;
        mLocationRequest = new LocationRequest();
        mLocationRequest.setInterval(UPDATE_INTERVAL_IN_MILLISECONDS);
        mLocationRequest.setFastestInterval(FASTEST_UPDATE_INTERVAL_IN_MILLISECONDS);
        mLocationRequest.setPriority(LocationRequest.PRIORITY_HIGH_ACCURACY);
        LocationSettingsRequest.Builder builder = new LocationSettingsRequest.Builder();
        builder.addLocationRequest(mLocationRequest);
        mLocationSettingsRequest = builder.build();
    }

    private void restoreValuesFromBundle(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        if (savedInstanceState != null) {
            if (savedInstanceState.containsKey("is_requesting_updates"))
                mRequestingLocationUpdates = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("is_requesting_updates");
            if (savedInstanceState.containsKey("last_known_location"))
                mCurrentLocation = savedInstanceState.getParcelable("last_known_location");
            if (savedInstanceState.containsKey("last_updated_on"))
                mLastUpdateTime = savedInstanceState.getString("last_updated_on");
        }
        updateLocationUI();
    }

    private void updateLocationUI() {
        if (mCurrentLocation != null) {
            txtLocationResult.setText("Lat: " + mCurrentLocation.getLatitude() + ", Lng: " + mCurrentLocation.getLongitude());
            txtLocationResult.setAlpha(0);
            txtLocationResult.animate().alpha(1).setDuration(300);
            txtUpdatedOn.setText("Last updated on: " + mLastUpdateTime);
        }
        toggleButtons();
    }

    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putBoolean("is_requesting_updates", mRequestingLocationUpdates);
        outState.putParcelable("last_known_location", mCurrentLocation);
        outState.putString("last_updated_on", mLastUpdateTime);
    }

    private void toggleButtons() {
        if (mRequestingLocationUpdates) {
            btnStartUpdates.setEnabled(false);
            btnStopUpdates.setEnabled(true);
        } else {
            btnStartUpdates.setEnabled(true);
            btnStopUpdates.setEnabled(false);
        }
    }

    private void startLocationUpdates() {
        mSettingsClient.checkLocationSettings(mLocationSettingsRequest)
            .addOnSuccessListener(this, new OnSuccessListener<LocationSettingsResponse>() {
                @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(LocationSettingsResponse locationSettingsResponse) {
                    Log.i(TAG, "All location settings are satisfied.");
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Started location updates!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    mFusedLocationClient.requestLocationUpdates(mLocationRequest, mLocationCallback, Looper.myLooper());
                    updateLocationUI();
                }
            })
            .addOnFailureListener(this, new OnFailureListener() {
                @Override
                public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
                    int statusCode = ((ApiException) e).getStatusCode();
                    switch (statusCode) {
                        case LocationSettingsStatusCodes.RESOLUTION_REQUIRED:
                            Log.i(TAG, "Location settings are not satisfied. Attempting to upgrade location settings");
                            try {
                                ResolvableApiException rae = (ResolvableApiException) e;
                                rae.startResolutionForResult(MainActivity.this, REQUEST_CHECK_SETTINGS);
                            } catch (IntentSender.SendIntentException sie) {
                                Log.i(TAG, "PendingIntent unable to execute request.");
                            }
                            break;
                        case LocationSettingsStatusCodes.SETTINGS_CHANGE_UNAVAILABLE:
                            String errorMessage = "Location settings are inadequate, and cannot be fixed here. Fix in Settings.";
                            Log.e(TAG, errorMessage);
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, errorMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    }
                    updateLocationUI();
                }
            });
    }

    public void startLocationButtonClick(View view) {
        Dexter.withActivity(this)
            .withPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
            .withListener(new PermissionListener() {
                @Override public void onPermissionGranted(PermissionGrantedResponse response) {
                    mRequestingLocationUpdates = true;
                    startLocationUpdates();
                }
                @Override public void onPermissionDenied(PermissionDeniedResponse response) {
                    if (response.isPermanentlyDenied()) openSettings();
                }
                @Override public void onPermissionRationaleShouldBeShown(PermissionRequest permission, PermissionToken token) {
                    token.continuePermissionRequest();
                }
            }).check();
    }

    public void stopLocationButtonClick(View view) {
        mRequestingLocationUpdates = false;
        stopLocationUpdates();
    }

    public void stopLocationUpdates() {
        mFusedLocationClient.removeLocationUpdates(mLocationCallback)
            .addOnCompleteListener(this, new OnCompleteListener() {
                @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task task) {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Location updates stopped!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    toggleButtons();
                }
            });
    }

    public void showLastKnownLocation(View view) {
        if (mCurrentLocation != null) {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Lat: " + mCurrentLocation.getLatitude() + ", Lng: " + mCurrentLocation.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Last known location is not available!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CHECK_SETTINGS) {
            switch (resultCode) {
                case Activity.RESULT_OK:
                    Log.e(TAG, "User agreed to make required location settings changes.");
                    break;
                case Activity.RESULT_CANCELED:
                    Log.e(TAG, "User chose not to make required location settings changes.");
                    mRequestingLocationUpdates = false;
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    private void openSettings() {
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
        Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID, null);
        intent.setData(uri);
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        startActivity(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        if (mRequestingLocationUpdates && checkPermissions()) startLocationUpdates();
        updateLocationUI();
    }

    private boolean checkPermissions() {
        int permissionState = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        return permissionState == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        if (mRequestingLocationUpdates) stopLocationUpdates();
    }
}

ขั้นตอนที่ 5: AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="app.com.sample">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

การทดสอบ

รันแอป กดปุ่ม Start Updates (จะขอสิทธิ์ Location) แล้วดูพิกัดที่อัปเดตทุก 10 วินาที

วิธีเพิ่ม Dependency ใน Android Studio

วิธีเพิ่ม Dependency ใน Android Studio

สรุปการเพิ่ม Dependency

  1. เปิด build.gradle (Module: app)
  2. เพิ่มบรรทัด implementation 'group:artifact:version' ในบล็อก dependencies { }
  3. คลิก Sync Now ที่มุมขวาบน
  4. รอ Gradle Sync เสร็จ สามารถใช้ Library ได้ทันที

แหล่งค้นหา Library: MVNRepository, AndroidX Releases, GitHub ของ Library นั้นๆ