ใช้ inspect.getclasstree() และ __subclasses__()
ตัวอย่าง
import inspect
print("The class hierarchy for built-in exceptions is:")
inspect.getclasstree(inspect.getmro(BaseException))
def classtree(cls, indent=0):
print('.' * indent, cls.__name__)
for subcls in cls.__subclasses__():
classtree(subcls, indent + 3)
classtree(BaseException)
ผลลัพธ์ (บางส่วน)
BaseException ... Exception ...... StandardError ......... TypeError ......... ImportError .......... ZipImportError ......... EnvironmentError .......... IOError .......... OSError ............. WindowsError ......... EOFError ......... RuntimeError .......... NotImplementedError ......... NameError .......... UnboundLocalError ......... AttributeError ......... SyntaxError .......... IndentationError ............. TabError ......... LookupError .......... IndexError .......... KeyError .......... CodecRegistryError ......... ValueError .......... UnicodeError ............. UnicodeEncodeError ............. UnicodeDecodeError ............. UnicodeTranslateError ......... AssertionError ......... ArithmeticError .......... FloatingPointError .......... OverflowError .......... ZeroDivisionError ......... SystemError ......... MemoryError ......... BufferError ...... StopIteration ...... Warning ......... UserWarning ......... DeprecationWarning ......... PendingDeprecationWarning ......... SyntaxWarning ......... RuntimeWarning ......... FutureWarning ......... ImportWarning ......... UnicodeWarning ......... BytesWarning ...... GeneratorExit ...... SystemExit ...... KeyboardInterrupt
